Indian classical music is part of an ancient tradition in which music formed the core of worship rituals. Gradually it diversified into two main forms: music for the gods, marga-sangeet, and music for the people, desi-sangeet, the latter forming the roots of what we now know as folk music.

Another very gradual and long-drawn-out evolution through complex historical and social factors led to two distinct traditions of classical music in India — North (Hindustani) and South (Karnatic).

In Indian classical music there are no chords — only notes and their fractions (or microtones known as shruti) — with each note played one at a time to maintain the purity of the note. There is usually just a solo instrument — or a single voice — with a minimal accompaniment consisting of tambura (a lute that produces a drone), some kind of melodic instrument (now usually a harmonium) and percussion.

Vocal music is considered the highest form of music and every musical instrument is said to be fashioned to imitate the voice.
The mainstay of all Indian classical music, whether Hindustani or Karnatic, is the concept of raag (in English spelt and pronounced “raga” after its Sanskrit form). In North Indian languages the vowel or the “a” at the end is quite redundant.

The word raag is derived from the Sanskrit word “rang” which literally means colour. It can be translated very loosely as scale (in the musical sense) but there is more to it. There are up to 525 known raags but we usually hear only the same favourite two dozen or so. Raags carry strict rules and are ascribed to a particular time of day, but with concerts mostly taking place in the evenings, it is becoming rarer to hear live recitals of early morning or afternoon raags.

A distinguishing component of both kinds of Indian classical music, Hindustani and Karnatic, is taal (again, spelt and pronounced “tala” in English). Loosely speaking, one may define it as “rhythm” but the concept of taal is more complex than plain rhythm and works by time being divided cyclically rather than in linear fashion. Each cycle, in turn, is subdivided into segments of varying measurement. There are several hundred kinds of cycles.

The most puzzling thing for those who are new to Indian music is that the completion of a rhythm cycle does not happen on the final beat of the cycle but on the first beat of the next cycle. But, it is a very visual affair and easy to spot as musicians, as well as audiences, will be seen to nod or clap or raise their hands as this beat, known as sum, is reached.

The soloist and percussionist will often nod to each other with great satisfaction — as though to say “all is well, we are on track”.

The end of each rhythm cycle forms a high point when the soloist and accompanist seem to renew their bond and reaffirm their togetherness on the journey that gradually unfolds in a raag.

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Chandrayaan-2, which will be a joint effort between ISRO and Russia, will consist of a lander and a rover for a soft land on moon.

The rover will move on the surface of the moon and pick up samples of rocks and soil and conduct a chemical analysis on it. The data would then be sent to the spacecraft orbiting above.

“We are finalizing the configuration for Chandrayaan-2. This mission will have an orbiter, which will carry the lander and a rover. The lander will bring the rover to the surface of the moon and during the time it is there, (it) will take some samples to be analyzed in the orbiter and back to the earth. In the orbiter we will have certain instruments, we are finalizing which are those to be put there. It is about 50 kilograms of mass. There is a scientific team which is looking at the requirements and possibilities and also …. from Chandrayaan-1 experiment,” said Radhakrishnan, on the sidelines of the launch of a book titled ”Mission Moon – Exploring the Moon with Chandrayaan-1” here.

Space scientists present there delved on colonization of the moon.

“The lunar environment
neither has an atmosphere nor a magnetic field, so the radiation from the sun can directly hit us and severely damage our cells, which can cause cancer.
So you need to get into areas where you can avoid radiation; therefore, the concept of tunnel came in. We are trying to look at tunnels where one can get in and live. Though virtually from a big civilization we will all become cavemen again,” said Kasturi Rangan, former ISRO Chairman.

ISRO launched Chandrayaan-1 on October 22, 2008, joining the Asian space race in the footsteps of l China and reinforcing its claim to be considered a global power.

The cuboid shaped Chandrayaan-1 carried the U.S. space agency NASA‘’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper, or M3, which found water molecules all over the moon’’s surface. The findings were further corroborated by three other reports.

Describing India as an important force for ‘political stability, peace, and economic progress in South Asia‘, the Defence Security Cooperation Agency told the Congress: ‘India intends to use the Howitzers to modernise its armed forces and enhance its ability to operate in hazardous conditions.’

‘The Howitzers will assist the Indian Army to develop and enhance standardisation and to improve interoperability with US soldiers and marines who use the M777 as their primary means of indirect fire,’ it said.

The sale of M777 155 mm Howitzers will also contribute to the US’s foreign policy and national security by helping to strengthen the US-India strategic relationship, it said.

India will have no difficulty absorbing these weapons into its armed forces, the agency said, adding the sale will not alter basic military balance in the region.

Besides the US Marine with 380 such systems and US National Guard with 273 of them, Australia (57 guns) and Canada (12) are the only other countries who have been supplied this military equipment by the US.

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Film posters featuring two semi-naked young men locked in a passionate clinch reveal how liberal India’s traditionally conservative society has become. But they are expected to fuel controversy in the run up to its release in May.

Gay activists say that they are braced for a backlash from religious and political conservatives, many of whom opposed the decriminalization of homosexuality.

The film’s director, Anil Sharma, has said that Indian cinema-goers are “mature enough” to deal with a storyline that departs from Bollywood’s staple boy-meets-girl romance.

“The only thing I was particular about was that this character should not come across as a caricature or just as an object of mockery. I am truly happy with what I have chosen.”

Despite its legalization last year, homosexuality remains a taboo in India where until now homosexuals have been portrayed in Indian films as effeminate comedy characters.

The recent hit film Dostana marked a slight change in approach when it portrayed two straight men pretending to be gay to persuade a landlord his beautiful daughter would be safe with them in the house.

In Dunno Y … Na Jaane Kyun however the two lead characters are unambiguously gay and the relationship between them is explicitly sexual.

Its release will mark a growing boldness in Bollywood with directors increasingly willing to challenge conservative mainstream attitudes. It follows a series of films released last year which show nudity and passionate kissing, or “lip-lock” as it is known in India, for the first time.

Kambakkht Ishq, one of last year’s major hits featured action hero Akshay Kumar and Kareena Kapoor, locked in a steamy embrace, while September 11 revealed Bollywood heart-throb John Abraham’s bare buttocks.

In Dunno Y Na Jaane Kyun, Kapil Sharma plays a struggling actor who “compromises his morals to get ahead in the film industry”. He has said he initially struggled with the “sex scenes”.

“Though I was prepared mentally, when the shoot actually began, I got nervous about doing it in front of the camera. I was especially awkward in a gay party scene,” he said.

Manvendra Singh, one of India’s leading gay rights campaigners, said he believed the film will provoke protests when it is released, but he welcomed the debate it will open. “There could be a backlash, but as long as it does not show vulgarity it will go some way to sensitising the public,” he said.

The film, Dunno Y … Na Jaane Kyun, was made in the wake of a High Court ruling last year which legalised homosexuality. It is already being billed as India’s answer to Brokeback Mountain.

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The simian menace in Delhi and NCR seems to be going out of control as attempts to free the areas of monkeys have started getting on to residents of Noida and Ghaziabad.

For close to a year now, residents of many areas in Ghaziabad and Noida say they have been suffering from the menace. The priests of Shiv Mandir in Sector 11 in Noida say that nearly eight to ten people stand guard inside the temple with sticks during the Puja to make sure the devotees are not attacked.

Showing scratch marks on his back, the priest of Shiva Temple in Jhundpura, Noida, says, “On Friday, a monkey jumped on me and took away my cellphone and also scratched my back. I could not get back to work for close to two days.”

The Ghaziabad administration, however, is in a fix over how to deal with the monkey menace in the city. Even as the administration resumed its ‘Project Natkhat’ to free the city of primates competing for their space in the concrete jungle amidst protests by several animal activists to conserve wildlife, Director, Department of Forests (Ghaziabad), Sunil Kumar Dubey, requested Mayor Damayanti Goyal to hold a workshop on how ‘Humans should treat primates’. All this after S S Bajwa, the Deputy Mayor of Delhi, died trying to save himself from monkey attack on Saturday.

President of the Residents’ Welfare Association of Sector-11 in Noida, S R Sharma, said, “We hired a person to make sure that there is no trouble caused by the monkeys in our areas. But we do not know the people we should be hiring to catch them. If we can find that out with the help of the authorities, it could help.”

In Ghaziabad, meanwhile, residents of Govindpuram had hired a man who owned a langur to scare away the monkeys. Leelu, the owner of the animal, said, “Some people came in a van a few days back and took away my animal saying that keeping it was punishable under the cruelty to animals act and that I would be jailed if I refused to part with it.”

Ghaziabad Mayor Damayanti Goyal told Newsline that Aashima Sharma, district manager, People for Animals group, had opposed the use of langurs to drive away monkeys from residential areas and had referred to the Animal Atrocities Act to do so. She said, “Now that the District Magistrate has approved the move, the plan is back on track even though many groups are opposing it.”

In New Delhi Auto show 09,  the automobile fair is hosting armoured cars; battered models of Pajero and Ambassador showcased to woo the armed forces, police personnel and politicians.

Chanakya Automobiles (India) Pvt Ltd, the lone armoured-car company at the Auto Expo, is trying to break the hegemony of state–run Medak Ordnance Factory. The company claims to be India’s only private manufacturer in this category after it was certified by the Bureau of Police Research and Development in 2008 to produce armoured vehicles to VVIP-specified levels.

But the title of a sole customised armoured vehicle maker would be more apt other there are other players taking a shot at the booming defence market. Last September, a division of Kanpur-based Shri Lakshmi Cotsyn launched armored vehicles. Shri Lakshmi’s models were indigenous unlike Chanakya’s customised versions.

Commercial vehicle giant Tata Motors also entered the production of armoured vehicles for Indian and global military markets with armoured Safaris and light-armoured troop carriers last year. Chanakya admits that the armoured vehicle market is riddled with fringe players and is bound to see the entry of more big players. But for now, it is hoping to reap the first-mover advantage in a terror-racked country.

The company caters to big vehicles like SUVs or buses, as only heavy-engined models can carry the added 1,000 kgs of an armour plate. The company claims that its steel cocooned within a vehicle’s body as well as the special glass are designed to resist bullets from 9mm pistols to Nato assault rifles. And its ‘run-flat’ tyres can run for 50 kms at 50 km/hr even after fired from close range, it added.

Though a late entrant, Chanakya thinks it has two advantages over its state-run rival. The Ordnance Factory, it claims, has a longer delivery time, taking up to 16-24 months. “They are also rigid in catering to customer requirements,” says Chanakya technical director Badri Krishnamoorthy.

The Factory’s vehicles are “a take it or leave it product”, according to Mr Krishnamoorthy. “Politicians may not compromise on safety, but neither do they on comfort.”

Thanks to its adaptability, Chanakya has sold 6 vehicles and has 50-odd orders in the pipeline from customers including politicians and business tycoons as well — the company refused to divulge names citing confidentiality agreements. Those may not be dizzy numbers, but the hefty costs involved in transforming a Pajero or a Motero into a battle-hardened model may be one reason.

Injecting steel plates and replacing the glasses with bullet–resistant ones shoot up the cost of a Pajero by Rs 44.5 lakh and an Ambassador by Rs 22 lakh, says Mr Krishnamoorthy. The company justifies the prices pointing to the Swedish steel, the special glass, laser cuts, welding rods and run-flat tyres, all gathered from overseas markets. “The bigger the vehicle, higher the costs,” says Mr Krishnamoorthy, adding that an Ambassador costs less because the glass and steel used are less than in an SUV.

Besides its bullet-resistant feature — Mr Krishnamoorthy says bullet-proof is a layman’s term — the key to the vehicles is their ability to withstand up to two simultaneous grenade explosions in the underside and sides as well as overhead airbursts.

“As terrorists get richer, they will employ better bullets. Of course, that requires a higher level of protection and we are ready for that,” says Mr Krishnamoorthy.

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New Delhi, Jan 7 : Country’s leading car manufacturer Maruti Suzuki India today launched its latest offering in the ‘C’ segment ‘Eeco’ at an introductory price of Rupees 2.59 lakh at showroom(Delhi).

”Eeco performs the twin objectives of being a spacious family car and a dependable vehicle to run businesses,” said Maruti Suzuki Managing Director and CEO Shinzo Nakanishi.

The Eeco comes with a flexi design offering seven-seater and five-seater versions.

The car which is powered by 1200 CC petrol engine
has a BSIV compliant and will be available in six colours in the country.

Maruti also said that it will demonstrate the electric version of the car ‘Eeco Charge’ during the Commonwealth Games in the capital.

The Eeco would become Maruti Suzuki’s second car after the Omni in what it calls the C-segment. “The segment is of interest to us because it has posted consistent growth over the years (CAGR of 12 to 14 per cent over the last five to six years),” says Maruti Suzuki Chief General Manager (marketing) Shashank Srivastava.

The company found that Omni owners often replace their vehicle with another Omni rather than upgrade to another model. Srivastava claims a market for 6,000 to 8,000 such vehicles per month. This is where the Eeco fits in.

Maruti Suzuki has not had a smooth run with its vans. As a passenger car, the Omni is now mostly relegated to lower-tier towns and semi-urban areas. In urban markets, it is used as a taxi or load-carrier.

The Versa, Srivastava points out, did not meet the needs of the market for such a car, which led to its phase-out. “We had positioned the Versa as offering luxury only to realise that the buying criteria of the audience were quite different,” he adds.

With the Eeco, Maruti Suzuki wants to set things right, the overruling criterion being affordability (its name derives from economical). It will be positioned as an upgrade from the Omni in the urban markets – value for money (with low cost of ownership), more spacious, creature comforts such as AC and a more powerful engine (73 bhp in contrast to the Omni’s 30 bhp). Its 1,200-cc engine is smaller than the Versa’s 1,300-cc engine, but is more efficient.

Even the transmission and suspension are different – enough to silence sceptics who say that the Eeco is merely the Versa with a facelift. “However, by way of looks, the category of vans does not leave much scope to alter the boxy look, though you can maximise space,” says Srivastava.

But the Eeco could face competition soon, that too from unlikely rivals. Sub-one tonne truck-makers such as Tata Motors [ Get Quote ], Bajaj Auto [ Get Quote ] and Mahindra & Mahindra have plans to come out with passenger versions of their load-carrying vehicles. These could snatch the Eeco’s market in the commercial space.

“Such vehicles would appeal to commercial drivers who are willing to compromise on passenger comfort during travel. However, the Eeco could become stronger in the long run with taxi drivers concerned more about comforts such as an AC in their vehicle,” says Srivastava.

Maruti is not banking on just upgrades from the Omni. “There are consumers from the A2 segment (small cars such as the Zen Estilo and Santro [ Images ]) who will opt for the Eeco because of the capacity and comforts it provides at the given price,” points out Srivastava. Maruti Suzuki is hopeful that consumers who look for space but do not want to shell out large sums to buy a Toyota Innova or an SUV might opt for the Eeco.

Will the Eeco’s features such as air-conditioning and a refined engine cut ice in rural areas? Since it has not done well with its previous urban van, the company is keeping its fingers crossed.

By GoDesi on photo

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Release Date: 25 Dec 2009
Dir: Rajkumar Hirani
Pro: Vidhu Vinod Chopra
Music.D: Shantanu Moitra

Lyricist: Swanand Kirkire

Star Cast: Aamir Khan, Kareena Kapoor, R Madhavan, Sharman Joshi, Boman Irani, Mona Singh


The new trend in corporate HR retention strategy is to encourage employees to turn to entrepreneurship while on the job!

This is interesting. The idea is to address a growing talent crunch by letting managers become entrepreneurs so they can do something different apart from their regular jobs.

If you had a choice, what would you do?

Have you thought of starting a business? Do you have what it takes to become a businessperson? Many people dream of building their own empire or even a small company and running it.

Only a few achieve this. Why? Most people blame circumstances and unavailability of capital but, often, it is the inability to switch mindsets from being employed to having one’s own enterprise! It is a myth that running a firm is easier than buttering up a boss on a daily basis.

If you have family or friends who own companies or conglomerates, they will tell you how hard it is to manage. You could exchange horror stories about being employed, having to deal with layers of bureaucracy for simple things and dealing with difficult bosses! But you also have to deliver results and have periodic performance reviews to deal with!

Understand the difference between being an entrepreneur and an employee. Figure out which one you are. People change as they grow. And if not now, you should know what it takes to be an employee or an entrepreneur.

The first thing that strikes me is the motivators. As a professional, you are the co-owner or employee of a business, motivated by your financial and intellectual needs. As an entrepreneur, you are the owner of a business motivated by passion and the zeal to do something independently!

Where you draw inspiration from and the factors that enthuse employees to perform are very different from those that affect an entrepreneur.

Many companies deploy a greed-plus-fear combination in their employees as a motivational tactic. But an entrepreneur is self-motivated. An entrepreneur has to create an atmosphere that inspires others and sustain it over a period of time.

The other difference between working for others and working for yourself is discipline. This is not just related to your ability to keep time without supervision but also about self-control.

As an employee, apart from the limits you set for yourself, controls come from bosses who tend keep a check on any deviation in efficiency or order. Entrepreneurs have to be constantly vigilant and aware, not only about others but also themselves because any drop in productivity will imply a direct hit on the company’s profitability and reputation.

Rising from failure is a painful journey for anyone! Whether self-employed or otherwise, there can never be a comparison of the heartache of disappointments. Yet, it is ‘how’ one deals with a professional fiasco that may tell you whether you should go on your own or work for someone else.

An entrepreneur may lose all resources in a disaster while a manager fears losing his credibility with any letdown. Those on their own have to find the strength to start from scratch again and rebuild while those employed risk losing a promotion or job and yet have to continue working.

Not everyone is cut out to be an entrepreneur, just as not everyone can handle the drudgery of working for a company within the constraints of a large system! As a business owner, the buck stops at you because there is no one else to take responsibility for any mess-ups. But you also get credit and rewards for success and victories.

As an employee, you need to work within the confines of an organisation structure, but failures and rewards are shared by the individual as well as the team!

Maybe a time has come in the corporate world where you can experience the fine balance between the stability of being employed and the freedom of creativity and independence!

If more people got a chance to do both, it would make a very interesting professional world!

Disclaimer: While efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information provided in the content, the site or the author shall not be held responsible for any loss caused to any person whatsoever who accesses or uses or is supplied with the content (consisting of articles and information).

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Aladin Chatterjee (Riteish Deshmukh) lives in the fictional city of Khwaish, an orphan who is bullied by Kasim and his gang members since his childhood. But his life changes when Jasmine (Jacqueline Fernandez) gives him a magic lamp – because it lets loose the genie Genius (Amitabh Bachchan). Desperate to grant him three wishes and to seek the end of his contract with the magic lamp, the rock-star Genius makes Aladin’s life difficult until the real threat looms on the horizon – the ex-genie, Ringmaster (Sanjay Dutt).

With the help of Jasmine, Aladin and Genius work together to defeat Ringmaster. In the end Aladin earns powers from the lamp.

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When I think about Christmas coming I think of all my family and friends, that I love and all the wonderful things that I am thankful for. When I was child I use to think of Santa coming in front door cause my parents told me that he would come in that way cause I did not have chimney for him to come down. I would try my hardest to stay up cause I wanted to see him because I wanted to know what he looked like but I could not stay awake. Christmas eve was always a fun time it was cause ever scene I was young child the whole family that lived close would get together and share a meal and open gifts, but when I got home I was aloud to open one that was under the tree and would be able to pick. Then it was time for me to go bed but I would always try to stay wake in my room and when my perants looked in on me I would pretend to to be sleeping but I was not.

On Christmas morning I would wake up really early and would try my hardest to go back to sleep, I would count sheep close my eyes and tell myself to go back to sleep but I could not. Then would go wake my brother up and he would make me go into the living room to get our stockings and then we would open them together then he would never wake my parents up but send me into wake them up I new that it was cause I was younger but I could not wait I wanted to know what Santa brought me . Then my family would get there warm drinks then we would open all a gifts.

Would anyone like to share a memory? I am waiting

Well i started to think about other things that I love about this time a year. When the snow is falling it looks so nice and walking when it is snowing and tring to catch the flakes in your mounth just thinking of child makes me remeber all the fun time and i am sure we all have good times

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What is “Bollywood”?
Bollywood is the name given to the Mumbai-based Hindi-language film industry in India. When combined with other Indian film industries (Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada), it is considered to be the largest in the world in terms of number of films produced, and maybe also the number of tickets sold.

The term Bollywood was created by conflating Bombay (the city now called Mumbai) and Hollywood (the famous center of the United States film industry).

Bollywood films are usually musicals. Few movies are made without at least one song-and-dance number. Indian audiences expect full value for their money; they want songs and dances, love interest, comedy and dare-devil thrills, all mixed up in a three hour long extravaganza with intermission. Such movies are called masala movies, after the spice mixture masala. Like masala, these movies have everything.

The plots are often melodramatic. They frequently employ formulaic ingredients such as star-crossed lovers, corrupt politicians, twins separated at birth, conniving villains, angry parents, courtesans with hearts of gold, dramatic reversals of fortune, and convenient coincidences. Bollywood song and dance
While most actors, especially today, are excellent dancers, few are also singers. Songs are generally pre-recorded by professional playback singers with actors lip-synching the words, often while dancing. One notable exception was Kishore Kumar who starred in several major films in the 1950s while also having a stellar career as a playback singer. K. L. Saigal, Suraiyya and Noor Jehan were also known as both singers and actors. Of late, a few actors have again tried singing for themselves. Amitabh Bachchan, who started the trend of non-singing stars at the mike with the runaway hit “Mere Angane Mein” in “Lawaaris” in the mid-80’s, continued his toe-dipping in singing with turns in “Silsila“, “Mahaan” “Toofan” and more recently in the movies Baghban and Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gham, as well as doing a duet with Adnan Sami in the song Kabhi Nahi (Never). Aamir Khan took a turn singing “Kya Bolti Tu” in Ghulam but only because “the character had attitude that only Aamir could do justice to”, according to director Vikram Bhatt. These forays, while well-received at the time, have not led to real singing careers for either actor.

Playback singers are prominently featured in the opening credits and have their own fans who will go to an otherwise lackluster movie just to hear their favorites. The composers of film music, known as music directors, are also well-known. Their songs can make or break a film and usually do.

The dancing in Bollywood films, especially older ones, is primarily modeled on Indian dance: classical dance styles, dances of historic northern Indian courtesans (tawaif), or folk dances. In modern films, Indian dance elements often blend with Western dance styles (as seen on MTV or in Broadway musicals), though it is not unusual to see Western pop and pure classical dance numbers side by side in the same film. The hero or heroine will often perform with a troupe of supporting dancers, usually of the same sex. If the hero and heroine dance and sing a pas-de-deux (a dance and ballet term, meaning “dance of two”), it is often staged in beautiful natural surroundings or architecturally grand settings.

What is Bollywood dancing?
Bollywood dancing is a commercial name for modern Indian dancing. It’s a combination of classical Indian dance (which is the base), folk dancing such as Bhangra and sometimes has a Latino and Arabic influence. It’s fun and very expressive and there’s a lot of deep meaning behind music in the films. You can actually express what the music means, through the graceful movements of the body.

Nitin ends up as an all-in-one help to an industrialist played by Archana Puran Singh. His girlfriend Anjali Kakkad (Katrina Kaif) helps him out with the money.

Ram Mishra gets a job delivering courier and is head over heels in love with the very wealthy Manpreet Oberoi (Sameera Reddy). Her parents will never let her marry a delivery man and to make things more difficult the conniving Harbans Chadda (Paresh Rawal) enters the picture.

Chadda is heavily in debt and the only way he can get out of it is by getting his son, played by Chunky Pandey, to marry a rich woman and bring in some dowry. He decides Manpreet is just the girl for his son.

With their girlfriends on their case, Nitin and Ram, have to do some quick thinking to make some money. And they decide to kidnap a very important person. The ransom money is on its way but things fall apart as their plan is crowded by an assassin, guests who have to attend Manpreet’s reception, an ACB police officer, a dead body, a drunkard….

So where does that leave our boys?